In his keynote speech at the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, President Xi Jinping said, "The global digital economy is an open and closely connected whole. Win-win cooperation is the only right path. Isolation and exclusion, confrontation and division will only lead to a dead end." "We will strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure, promote the dissemination and application of new technologies, and strive to build an open, fair and non-discriminatory digital business environment." This has pointed out the direction and provided guidance for us to develop digital technologies and industries and promote global digital cooperation. According to the 14th Five-Year Plan and the outline of the vision and Goals for 2035, "We will support the development of open source digital technology communities and other innovative partnerships, improve open source intellectual property rights and legal systems, and encourage enterprises to open software source code, hardware design and application services." In the digital age, everything is connected, and connectivity has become an important basic capability. Open source technology and open industry link and support each other, build a cooperation model of the whole industrial chain and a borderless industrial ecosystem, and form a new form of industrial organization, which has increasingly become the mainstream mode of global division of labor in the digital era. We should actively develop open source technology systems and open industrial systems, and accelerate the formation of new advantages in scientific and industrial development in the digital era.

Open source is a distinctive feature of the in-depth development of digital technology

Open-source software refers to software that anyone is authorized to use, copy, distribute and modify freely, and its source code is open and shared. The basic operation mode of open source software is as follows: enterprises or individuals contribute open source seed projects, open source foundations host open source projects, accept the intellectual property of open source projects donated by enterprises, and organize project operation, collaborative development and shared use. At present, open source has not only covered the whole scene of software development and penetrated into most software products, but also extended to open source hardware, open source design, open source industrial Internet and many other fields.

As wide connection and application as possible are the development requirements of the digital era, and open source is a distinctive feature of the in-depth development of digital technology. Open source can pool wisdom, promote multi-party collaboration and iterative evolution of technology, and continuously expand the scope of network technology connectivity and application areas. At the same time, this process has also generated massive data, developed a large number of automated collaboration tools, promoted distributed collaboration and relay development worldwide, connected a huge number of products, enterprises and industries, formed a network of industrial ecology, and constantly built new application scenarios.

Open source has become a mode of development and innovation in software, network and digital fields. At present, 97% of the world's software developers and 99% of enterprises use open source software, and more than 70% of the world's new software projects adopt the open source model. Some emerging technologies, such as cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence, have widely adopted open source models for development, sharing and innovation. Many of the world's largest enterprises are deeply committed to open source systems, even those with strong closed source software are increasingly involved in open source systems. At present, open source technology has gone beyond software development and application to traditional manufacturing, new manufacturing, green environmental protection, medical and health care, 3D printing and other fields, greatly improving the efficiency of innovation. For example, the world's first open source design of a car, through the joint efforts of its community members, completed a new production car design in 18 months, about four times faster than a traditional car design.

China is an important participant and contributor of the global open source software ecosystem. On the one hand, China is a big user of open source projects and the second largest user of several open source codes. China's domestic operating system, browser, development and testing software, industrial software, mobile APP and other software products, mostly based on open source software secondary development. On the other hand, China is also a major contributor of open source code worldwide, ranking second in the number of contributors on several major open source code platforms around the world. Some large enterprises in China actively participate in the practice of open source, and have become platinum members of several world-renowned open source software foundations, ranking the top in the contribution of some open source project hosting platforms.

Openness is the dominant mode of digital industry development

From the 1980s to the first 10 years of this century, the global industrial division of labor mainly occurred in the field of manufacturing. At present, 5G and related open source technologies are developing rapidly, supporting the "interconnection of everything". From information to equipment, from services to products, and from enterprises to industries, new modes of production and industrial organizations are being formed across national boundaries, and resources are being reallocated globally, promoting the formation of a deep international division of labor across the whole industrial chain. Relying on open source technologies and digital platforms, the industrial division of labor is closer and more efficient, and the chain of division is longer and wider. Openness, connectivity and cooperation have become the new trend of economic globalization.

Transnational scientific research networks are developing rapidly. Contemporary scientific research has been exploring more and more unknown fields, and scientific projects have put forward higher requirements on investment intensity, interdisciplinary, experimental cost, and participants, etc. Big science projects carried out by international cooperation have become an important platform to explore knowledge boundaries and solve global major scientific problems. In astronomy, high energy physics, life science, space science and other fields, international big science projects have become the mainstream mode of breeding important scientific discoveries. China has strengthened international exchanges and cooperation in the field of science and technology. For example, in April this year, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress approved the Convention on the Establishment of the Square Kilometer Array Astronomical Observatory, which demonstrates China's openness and important contribution to the development of global scientific undertakings. Open cooperation in scientific research is also reflected in data openness.

Transnational technological innovation networks are developing rapidly. Based on digital network platforms and open source technologies, many new technologies and products in the digital era are jointly developed, patented and profited by many countries. Wipo uses big data to track the development of the world's technology clusters and study how innovations are intertwined on a global scale. The study found that the division of labor in the global innovation network is becoming more diverse and diverse. Before this century, the United States, Japan and Western Europe contributed about 90 percent of the world's patents, with the United States, Japan and Germany alone contributing more than two-thirds. But in recent years, thanks to the global R&D network, the rest of the world's contribution to global patents has soared to nearly a third of global patent activity. China and South Korea have contributed the fastest, accounting for more than 20 percent of global patent registrations from 2015 to 2017.

The global division of labor in manufacturing continued to deepen. In the past, the global division of labor in manufacturing belongs to the system of transfer and dispersion. The so-called transfer type refers to the formation of the global division of labor system is the process of manufacturing capacity transfer from the home country to the overseas; The so-called discrete type refers to the relatively strong independence of parts manufacturers in different locations, and their relationship with the industrial chain is mainly at two ends: accepting orders and providing products. Now, the global division of labor manufacturing system, especially the division of labor manufacturing system of complex new products, begins to show the characteristics of original hairstyle and whole process. Many new technologies and products start from the initial stage of research and design to create a division of manufacturing system, seeking the most suitable manufacturing sites for various parts and components worldwide to ensure the highest technical level and the best product quality. At the same time, relying on digital technology and network platform interconnection, each component manufacturer can also be fully connected, real-time interaction, synchronous evolution, promoting rapid iterative progress of the industry.

The global division of labor in the service sector has accelerated. Traditional service industry is a typical local industry, and the proportion of service trade in international trade is always low. In the past, services such as education, medical care and culture could only be consumed on the spot. Service provision and service consumption should not be misplaced. With the development of network and digital technology, services can not only be provided remotely, such as online concerts, online education, online medical care, etc., but also global production division like manufacturing industry. For example, thanks to 5G, a communication technology with high throughput and low latency, it has become possible for multiple musicians in different locations around the world to play a single piece of music together. The digital producer service platform gathers a large number of production service providers and users, and can intelligently match supply and demand and even multiple parties, greatly improving service efficiency and quality, and improving the production efficiency of service industry.

We will actively develop open source technology systems and open industrial systems

The concept of open source and open meets the development requirements of the digital era of the Internet of everything. China has the world's largest developer community and manufacturing system. Digital technologies are widely used. The innovation, industrial and value chains connected by open source and opening-up are incomparable in scope and scale. We need to update our thinking, focus on key areas, and give full play to our strengths. Starting with the development of open source technology systems and open industrial systems, we need to accelerate the formation of new advantages in science and technology and industrial development in the digital era and enhance the global competitiveness of Our industries.

The development of China's digital technology and digital industry not only benefits from joining the global open source technology system and open industrial system, but also makes important contributions to the development of the global open source technology system and open industrial system. We will continue to actively participate in the global open source system, pool global intellectual resources, factor resources and industrial resources, and serve global users and markets. Continue to play an active role in the internationally renowned open source technology system and open industrial system, realizing informed, learning, co-building, sharing and making more positive contributions.

At the same time, we will be more active in developing the open source technology system and the open industrial system initiated and guided by China. In many years of practice, China has cultivated a large number of excellent projects and various kinds of talents, and has the favorable conditions to accelerate the development of open source and open system. Companies in our country the first domestic independent open source foundation was set up, open atoms open source foundation, some enterprises to the donation of the multiple ecological influential high quality open source project, multiple open source software project has entered the stage of hatching, covering operating systems, databases, artificial intelligence, chain blocks, iot, based frontier in many industries, such as the Internet, The development prospect is very broad.

At present, the global open source technology system and open industrial system are mainly market-oriented. The open source technology system can be promoted by relying on foundations, code hosting platforms, project contributing enterprises and developers. In particular, the establishment of a fair, open, just and reasonable institutional system should be emphasized to ensure that the information and decisions of open source foundations are open and transparent, so as to establish a good image and attract more participants. For an open industrial system, we need to rely on large domestic enterprises and platforms to promote it, and attract more small and medium-sized enterprises to follow and join in, so as to make it more attractive to global resources such as capital, technology and users.

In the development process of open source technology system and open industrial system, it is a common practice in the world for the government to provide corresponding policy, financial and cooperative support. Chinese government departments can strongly support and guide all sectors of society to attach importance to and support the development of open source and open system, introduce and train leading talents in various necessary and reasonable ways, and rapidly improve the technical and management capabilities of open source and open system in China. We should speed up research to determine development priorities and strategic areas. For example, we will encourage open source sharing of green and environmental protection technologies, especially carbon emission reduction technologies, so that more enterprises can effectively use these technologies to accelerate carbon emission reduction actions. Another example is to promote the development of open source technology system and open industrial system in the field of industrial Internet, so as to form an open source and open development industrial ecosystem, and make better use of China's advantages of complete industrial categories and large industrial scale.

Source: State-owned Assets And Administration Commission of The State Council